Surf scoter

Scientific name: Melanitta perspicillata

Field notes

Appearance

Males are entirely black with distinctive white patches on the nape and forehead, plus a swollen orange-yellow bill. Females are dark brown with two whitish ear patches and a smaller, darker bill.

Size and weight

Males 48–56 cm, weighing 0.9–1.1 kg; females 43–52 cm, weighing 0.8–0.95 kg.

Habitat

Surf scoters inhabit coastal marine waters, estuaries, and large freshwater lakes. They prefer areas with rocky or sandy substrates and moderate wave action.

Distribution

Breed in northern North America from Alaska to Hudson Bay; winter along both coasts of North America and the Great Lakes, with highest concentrations in maritime habitats.

Diet

Surf scoters feed primarily on benthic invertebrates—mussels, clams, snails, and amphipods—obtained by diving in shallow to moderate depths.

Behaviour

Highly gregarious, forming large rafts on water; active during daylight hours diving to forage. They are strong, fast fliers but take off with difficulty from water and prefer to escape by diving or swimming.

Hunting tips

Glass rafts from a distance using binoculars to identify males by white patches; approach by water from downwind where possible, moving slowly with cover. Early morning or late afternoon light best reveals their plumage. Most responsive when rafts are active and dispersed rather than tightly grouped.

Whole weight

This species is logged by whole weight — the animal weighed entire, as taken.

Where it is hunted

Listed as huntable in 1 country in Huntify.

Names in other languages

Current language: en

These field notes are general species knowledge, not legal advice. Always check the current seasons, quotas and firearm rules where you hunt.